The Dynamics of International Trade Concentration: A Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient Analysis of Algeria-EU Trade (2018-2023)

Abstract

This comprehensive study examines the structure and evolution of trade relations between Algeria and the European Union from 2018 to 2023 through the lens of inequality measurement tools. Using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients, we analyze the concentration patterns of both imports and exports across EU member states. Our findings reveal persistently high levels of trade concentration, with extreme inequality in export distribution (Gini coefficients: 0.863-0.896) and very high inequality in import distribution (Gini coefficients: 0.752-0.862). The research identifies significant structural shifts in 2022-2023, particularly the emergence of Bulgaria as a major import partner for Algeria. The study contributes to the understanding of trade concentration dynamics in North African-European relations and offers policy implications for trade diversification strategies.